The Ward’s Flycatcher (Pseudobias wardi), also known as Ward’s Flycatcher-vanga is a species of bird in the Vangidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Pseudobias. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
References
BirdLife International 2004. Pseudobias wardi. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 27 July 2007.
v•d•e
Vangas (order: Passeriformes • family: Vangidae)
Genus
Species
Calicalicus
Red-tailed Vanga • Red-shouldered Vanga
Schetba
Rufous Vanga
Vanga
Hook-billed Vanga
Xenopirostris
Lafresnaye’s Vanga • Van Dam’s Vanga • Pollen’s Vanga
Dark Newtonia • Common Newtonia • Archbold’s Newtonia • Red-tailed Newtonia
Mystacornis
Crossley’s Babbler
Pseudobias
Ward’s Flycatcher
This songbird-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward%27s_Flycatcher”
Categories: IUCN Red List least concern species | Vangidae | Birds of Madagascar | Passeri stubs
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 11 August 2009 at 15:00.
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.
Meaux is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located 41.1 km (25.5 mi) east-northeast from the center of Paris. Meaux is a sub-prefecture of the department and the seat of an arondissement. Although it is the most populous commune in the Seine-et-Marne, it is not the capital, which is Melun.
Contents
1Demographics
2Culture
3Sport
4Transport
5People
6History
7See also
8References
9External links
10Bibliography
Demographics
Inhabitants of Meaux are called Meldois.
Culture
Meaux is known for Brie de Meaux (a variety of Brie cheese) and the local variety of mustard.
Meaux is know for his cultural life also. (eg. “Musée Bossuet”, Music Festival “Musik’elles”, recording studios ” Eightball Society Studios”)
Meaux Cathedral
Sport
The town is represented by the CS Meaux association football club.
Transport
Meaux is served by Meaux station on the Transilien Paris – Est suburban rail line and on several national rail lines.
People
Joop Zoetemelk -cyclist. Zoetemelk and his French wife owned and operated a hotel in Meaux.
L’aigle de Meaux - fictional character. L’aigle (sometimes known as Bossuet) was a character in Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables. In the book, he petitioned for a post office to be created in Meaux.
History
Meaux was the capital of the ancient Gaulish tribe of the Meldi.
The Siege of Meaux was fought in 1422 between the English, under Henry V, and the French during the Hundred Years’ War. The town’s defence was led by the Bastard of Vaurus, by all accounts cruel and evil, but a brave commander all the same. The siege commenced in October and mining and bombardment soon brought down the walls. Casualties began to mount in the English army, including John Clifford, 7th Baron de Clifford who had been at the siege of Harfleur, the Battle of Agincourt, and received the surrender of Cherbourg. The English also began to fall sick rather early into the siege, and it is estimated that one sixteenth of the besiegers died from dysentery and smallpox. On 9 March 1422, the town surrendered, although the garrison held out. Under continued bombardment, the garrison gave in as well on 10 March, following a siege of 8 months. The Bastard of Vaurus was decapitated, as was a trumpeter named Orace, who had once mocked Henry.
See also
Count of Meaux
Diocese of Meaux
Meaux Abbey (UK) (map)
Battle of Mello
Brie (cheese)
Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department
References
INSEE
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Meaux
Official website (French)
Pictures of Meaux Cathedral:, ,
2003 Land Use, from IAU ÎdF (Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris-Île-de-France région (French)
French Ministry of Culture list for Meaux (French)
Bibliography
Patrice CROISY : Bibliographie de Meaux (Meaux, 2006-2009). This database includes over 8 000 articles and books on Meaux and neighbourhood. Some of them are in English.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surin_Province”
Categories: Isan | Surin Province | Provinces of ThailandHidden categories: Articles containing Thai language text | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages
Acèh
Bân-lâm-gú
Deutsch
Español
Français
???? ???/????????????? ???????
Italiano
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
???
?Norsk (bokmål)?
Polski
Português
Svenska
???
??????
Ti?ng Vi?t
Winaray
??
This page was last modified on 6 February 2010 at 05:21.
Julian Richer, Founder
David Robinson, Chairman
Claudia Vernon, Marketing Director
Industry
Retailer
Products
Hi-fi, home cinema, LCD & plasma TV
Employees
403 (2009)
Website
www.richersounds.com
Richer Sounds store in the City of London
A typical shop layout
Richer Sounds is a prominent British home entertainment retailer, best known as a hi-fi, home cinema and flat screen TV vendor, operating online and through a chain of 48 stores across the United Kingdom. The business is 100% owned by Julian Richer, the founder and managing director of the company.
Contents
1History of the business
2Business approach and influence
3See also
4Notes
5External links
History of the business
Richer began his business life at the age of 16 by buying and selling hi-fi separates, while still at school. By the age of 17 he had three people working for him.
Richer Sounds formally began trading in 1978, when, aged 19, he opened his first shop near London Bridge, with the help of the late Vic Odden, the photography retailer.
Richer Sounds original logo, 1978-2006
For over 20 years this store has been featured in the Guinness Book of Records for the highest sales per square foot of any retail outlet in the world.
Richer Sounds was initially known for selling budget audio equipment in a ‘pile it high and sell it cheap’ fashion, but in recent years it has moved upmarket, and expanded its range from just audio products to encompass television and home cimema equipment. An installation service has also been developed.
In 2007/8 the company launched ranges of audiophile hi-fi, multi-room and high-end home cinema separates, with some stores providing demonstration rooms for customers. The company also instituted a corporate rebrand, redesigning their logo and literature and instituting a programme of facelifts, expansions and relocations of their stores.
Business approach and influence
The core philosophy of the company is to provide personal expert service at low prices - their motto is “Biggest Brands, Best Prices, Expert Advice & Take It Home Today”. Their stated aim is to beat competitors’ prices, including those on the internet, subject to their ‘pricebeat’ policy. Their shops tend to be on the edge of main shopping areas in order to keep costs down.
Customer service is considered important; customers are asked for their feedback, both positive and negative. Each store provides ‘freepost’ cards that get sent directly to Julian Richer. Shoppers are asked to rate their visit via a questionnaire attached to every receipt, and Julian responds personally to any negative feedback.
Richer Sounds is known for empowering employees to make a difference to the company. Its suggestion scheme has been acknowledged as one of the most successful in terms of the number of suggestions received per employee, and has been the model for many other businesses, including the Halifax bank and Asda supermarkets. It has also been cited by academics as an example of a good idea system, most notably Dr Alan G Robinson of the Isenberg School of Management, University of Massachusetts Amherst, in his paper “How the Best Managers and Organisations Tap the Ideas of their Front Line People.”
The company has also received recognition from Business in the Community for its contributions to charity. Richer Sounds currently funnels 15% of its profits into charitable organisations, making it one of the most generous donors (in percentage terms) of any company in the UK.
In 2002, Richer Sounds was judged as the best British-owned company to work for by The Sunday Times. It has also been recognised by the government-backed Investors in People scheme.
See also
Julian Richer
Notes
The Independent: Julian Richer talks about employee suggestion schemes
CustomerServiceWorld.com: Julian Richer talks about employee suggestion schemes
Managementtoday.com: Ninety-five per cent of this man’s staff say they love working for him. What’s his secret?
TopMBA.com: Increasing human and social capital by applying job embeddedness theory
The Guardian: Richer Sounds’ charitable donations
Trainingmag.com: Richer Sounds’ suggestion scheme
External links
Official website
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richer_Sounds”
Categories: Retail companies of the United Kingdom | Companies established in 1978
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 6 November 2009 at 15:06.
The Hino Rainbow (kana:????????) is a medium-duty bus built by Hino. The range was primarily available as city bus and tourist coach. Asia Motors made a badge engineered version called the Asia Cosmos.
Contents
1RL (1970-1980)
2Rainbow RJ/RR (1980-2004)
3Rainbow AC (1983-1988)
4Rainbow RB/AB (1985-1995)
5Rainbow 7M(CH)/7W(RH) (1987-1998)
6Rainbow HR (1999-present)
7Rainbow II (2004-present)
8External links
RL (1970-1980)
RL100 (1970)
RL300/320 (1975)
K-RL301/321 (1980)
K-RL321
RL320
Rainbow RJ/RR (1980-2004)
First generation (1980-1988)
K-RJ/RR170/172/192 (1980)
P-RJ/RR170/172/192 (1984)
Second generation(1988-2004)
P-RJ/RR170/172/192 (1988)
U-RJ/RR3H (1990)
KC-RJ/RR1J (1995)
KK-RJ/RR1J (1999)
Rainbow RJ (1st) K-RJ172BA
Rainbow RR (2nd) P-RR192CA
Rainbow RJ (2nd) KC-RJ1JJAA
Rainbow RJ (2nd) KK-RJ1JJHK
Rainbow AC (1983-1988)
P-AC140 (1983)
Rainbow AC P-AC140AA
Rainbow AC
Rainbow AC
Rainbow RB/AB (1985-1995)
The Rainbow RB (rear engine)/AB (front engine) is a light-duty bus.
The Rainbow HR is non-step (low-floor) city bus. The HR1J engine is J08C 220ps 6-cylinder 8-litre diesel engine. The HR7J engines J07E 225ps 5-cylinder 7-litre diesel engine with a turbocharger and intercooler.
KK-HR1J (1999) - 7m/9m
KL-HR1J (2000) - 10.5m
PB/PK-HR7J (2004) - 9m/10.5m
BDG-HR7J (2007) - 10.5m
Rainbow HR 7m KK-HR1JEEE
Rainbow HR 9m PB-HR7JHAE
Rainbow HR 10.5m KL-HR1JNEE
Rainbow II (2004-present)
The Rainbow II is a rebadged by Isuzu Erga Mio.
PJ-KR234J1 (2004)
PDG-KR234J2 (2007)
Rainbow II (Instruction car)
Rainbow II PA-KR234J1
Rainbow II PDG-KR234J2
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: HINO Rainbow
Hino Rainbow II Homepage
Hino Rainbow HR Homepage
This bus-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hino_Rainbow”
Categories: Bus stubs | Hino vehicles | Buses
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages
???
This page was last modified on 15 August 2009 at 04:29.
State Highway 209 is a short state highway in Choctaw County, Oklahoma. It runs for 2.2 miles (3.5 km) from Raymond Gary State Park to U.S. Highway 70. It has no lettered spur routes.
This Oklahoma road or road transport-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_209″
Categories: State highways in Oklahoma | Choctaw County, Oklahoma | Southern United States road stubs
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
This page was last modified on 26 January 2009 at 09:22.
Saint-René Taillandier (16 December 1817 - 22 February 1879) was a French writer and critic.
He was born René Gaspard Ernest Taillandier, at Paris. He completed his studies at Heidelberg, and then became professor of literature successively at Strasbourg, Montpellier and the Sorbonne, where he was nominated to the chair of French eloquence in 1868. Most of the articles included in his published volumes first appeared in the Revue des deux mondes.
In January 1870 he became general secretary of the ministry of education, and continued in this office after the fall of the Empire. He became officer of the Legion of Honour in 1870, and was elected to the French Academy in 1873. He died in Paris.
His works include Allemagne et Russie, études historiques et litteraires (1856), Le Poète du Caucase, Michel Lermontoff (1856), Maurice de Saxe (2 vols. 1865), Tchèques et Magyars (1869), Le Général Philippe de Ségur (1875).
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
Cultural offices
Preceded by Joseph Gratry
Seat 33
Académie française
1873-1879
Succeeded by Maxime Du Camp
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Ren%C3%A9_Taillandier”
Categories: 1817 births | 1879 deaths | People from Paris | University of Heidelberg alumni | University of Strasbourg faculty | University of Montpellier faculty | University of Paris faculty | French literary criticsHidden categories: Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
Nageia motleyi is a species of conifer in the Podocarpaceae family. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand.
References
Conifer Specialist Group 1998. Nageia motleyi. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 10 July 2007.
This conifer-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nageia_motleyi”
Categories: IUCN Red List least concern species | Podocarpaceae | Least concern plants | Conifer stubs
(Redirected from Electromotive series)
Jump to: navigation, search
In electrochemistry, the standard electrode potential, abbreviated E° or Eo (with a superscript plimsoll character, pronounced “standard” or “nought”), is the measure of individual potential of a reversible electrode at standard state, which is with solutes at an effective concentration of 1 mol dm?3, and gases at a pressure of 1 bar. The values are most often tabulated at 25 °C. The basis for an electrochemical cell such as the galvanic cell is always a redox reaction which can be broken down into two half-reactions: oxidation at anode (loss of electron) and reduction at cathode (gain of electron). Electricity is generated due to electric potential difference between two electrodes. This potential difference is created as a result of the difference between individual potentials of the two metal electrodes with respect to the electrolyte.
Although the overall potential of a cell can be measured, there is no simple way to accurately measure the electrode/electrolyte potentials in isolation. The electric potential also varies with temperature, concentration and pressure. Since the oxidation potential of a half-reaction is the negative of the reduction potential in a redox reaction, it is sufficient to calculate either one of the potentials. Therefore, standard electrode potential is commonly written as standard reduction potential.
Contents
1Calculation of standard electrode potentials
2Standard reduction potential table
3Non-standard condition
4See also
5Further reading
6External links
7References
Calculation of standard electrode potentials
The electrode potential may not be obtained empirically. The galvanic cell potential results from a pair of electrodes. Thus, only one empirical value is available in a pair of electrodes and it is not possible to determine the value for each electrode in the pair using the empirically obtained galvanic cell potential. A reference electrode, standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), for which the potential is defined or agreed upon by convention, needed to be established. In this case SHE is set to 0.00 V and any electrode, for which the electrode potential is not yet known, can be paired with SHE – to form a galvanic cell – and the galvanic cell potential gives the unknown electrode’s potential. Using this process, any electrode with an unknown potential can be paired with either the SHE or another electrode for which the potential has already been derived and that unknown value can be established.
Since the electrode potentials are conventionally defined as reduction potentials, the sign of the potential for the metal electrode being oxidized must be reversed when calculating the overall cell potential. Note that the electrode potentials are independent of the number of electrons transferred – that is, they are set to one mole of electrons transferred- and so the two electrode potentials can be simply combined to give the overall cell potential even if different numbers of electrons are involved in the two electrode reactions.
For practical measurements, the electrode in question is connected to the positive terminal of the electrometer, while SHE is connected to the negative terminal.
Standard reduction potential table
Main article: Standard electrode potential (data page)
Since the values are given in their ability to be reduced, the bigger the standard reduction potentials, the easier they are to be reduced, in other words, they are simply better oxidizing agents. For example, F2 has 2.87 V and Li+ has ?3.05 V. F2 reduces easily and is therefore a good oxidizing agent. In contrast, Li(s) would rather undergo oxidation (hence a good reducing agent). Thus Zn2+ whose standard reduction potential is ?0.76 V can be oxidized by any other electrode whose standard reduction potential is greater than ?0.76 V (eg. H+(0 V), Cu2+(0.16 V), F2(2.87 V)) and can be reduced by any electrode with standard reduction potential less than ?0.76 V (eg. H2(?2.23 V), Na+(?2.71 V), Li+(?3.05 V)).
In a galvanic cell, where a spontaneous redox reaction drives the cell to produce an electric potential, Gibbs free energy ?G° must be negative, in accordance with the following equation:
where n is number of moles of electrons per mole of products and F is the Faraday constant, ~96485 C/mol. As such, the following rules apply:
Thus in order to have a spontaneous reaction (?G° < 0), E°cell must be positive, where:
where E°anode is the standard potential at the anode (reverse the sign of the standard reduction potential value for the electrode) and E°cathode is the standard potential at the cathode as given in the table of standard electrode potential.
Non-standard condition
The standard electrode potentials are given at standard conditions. However, real cells may operate under non-standard conditions. Given the standard potential of the half-cell, its potential at non-standard effective concentrations can be calculated using the Nernst equation:
where Q is the reaction quotient.
The values of E° depend on temperature (except for SHE, for which the potential has been, arbitrarily, declared 0 at all temperatures) and are normally referenced to the SHE at the same temperature. For condensed phases, they are also expected to depend somewhat on pressure (see the article on equilibrium constant). For example, the standard electrode potential for Ni/NiO redox couple has been well studied because such a solid has applications in high-temperature pseudo-reference electrodes (when enclosed inside an yttrium-stabilized zirconia ceramic membrane). The half-cell reaction for this redox couple is:
The standard potential of Ni/NiO has been correlated for temperatures between 0 and 400 °C to be approximately:
where E° is in volts, and T is in degrees Celsius.
In biochemistry, potentials are usually defined for pH 7, with the standard potential under these conditions being E°? - also referred to as the mid-point potential or Em,7 because it is the potential at which the concentrations of the oxidized and reduced forms of the redox pair are equal.
The actual redox potential for a pair at a given pH of x (Eh, pH = x) is related to the midpoint potential by:
See also
Reference electrode
Table of standard electrode potentials
Reduction potential
Absolute electrode potential
Electrochemical potential
Redox
Galvanic series
Nernst equation
Half cell
Electrochemical cell
Galvanic cell
Concentration cell
Further reading
Zumdahl, Steven S., Zumdahl, Susan A (2000) Chemistry (5th ed.), Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-98583-8
Atkins, Peter, Jones, Loretta (2005) Chemical Principles (3rd ed.), W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-5701-X
Zu, Y, Couture, MM, Kolling, DR, Crofts, AR, Eltis, LD, Fee, JA, Hirst, J (2003) Biochemistry, 42, 12400-12408
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia’s quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (January 2010)
The Parlotones
Origin
Johannesburg, South Africa
Genres
Rock, Indie rock, Alternative
Years active
1998 – Present
Labels
Universal Records
Website
www.parlotones.co.za
Members
Kahn Morbee
Neil Pauw
Glenn Hodgson
Paul Hodgson
The Parlotones is a South African indie rock band, based in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Contents
1Biography
2Europe, Asia & MTV
3Band members
4Discography
4.1Albums
4.2EPs
5References
6External links
Biography
The Parlotones will be launching their brand new album on the 30th of October 2009. This will be celebrated by an arena tour in South Africa with The Grand West Arena in Cape Town and Coca Cola Dome in Johannesburg. These shows will be the closing shows of a 25 city World tour which will see the band perform in UK, Continental Europe, Russia, Australia and South Africa.
Since the release of their last album in October 2007 The Parlotones have sold over 100,000 albums and 70,000 tickets in South Africa. The Parlotones has been very well received in the USA with an independent release managing to crack the CMJ top 200 chart in the USA. ‘Overexposed’ won awards locally and in the USA including 2 awards in The International Song Contest (ISC) which boasts heavyweight judges such as Robert Smith, Tom Waits and Rob Thomas (Matchbox 20)
Europe, Asia & MTV
The first single to be released in the UK was ‘Dragonflies & Astronauts,’ whichwas on 15 pop/rock radio stations in late June 2007.
The single ‘Beautiful’ has gone to radio in 14 countries across Europe. Japan, Finland, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, France, Ireland, Asia and Turkey are amongst the various territories currently sampling the bands music. It’s on the MTV Asia website, www.mtvasia.com, which received hits from all over Asia from users such as Singapore, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Japan. The music programming team at MTV Asia decided to feature The Parlotones on the site.
Dragonflies & Astronauts was aired on MTV 2 in the UK.
The band’s video Louder Than Bombs premiering exclusively
Band members
Name
Position
Kahn Morbee
Vocals & Guitar
Neil Pauw
Drums
Paul Hodgson
Guitar, Keyboard
Glenn Hodgson
Bass, Piano, Backing Vocals
Discography
Albums
EPISODA
2003
RADIOCONTROLLED ROBOT
2005
RADIOCONTROLLED ROBOT (International Release)
2007
A World Next Door to Yours
2007
UNPLUGGED (CD+DVD Live at the Emperors Palace)
2008
VIDEO CONTROLLED ROBOT (CD+DVD video compilation)
2008
Stardust Galaxies
2009
EPs
Superstars
Borderline Patrol
2004
Dragonflies & Astronauts
2005
References
External links
Official Myspace
Official Website
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Parlotones”
Categories: South African indie rock groups | Musical groups established in 1998Hidden categories: Articles needing cleanup from January 2010 | All pages needing cleanup
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Try Beta
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages
Afrikaans
Deutsch
This page was last modified on 15 February 2010 at 21:42.
Communes in the metropolitan area of Paris
US-70 east of Ft. Towson
SH-199
>
